![]() After 1662, the colony turned black slavery into a hereditary racial caste. It was chiefly grown on plantations, using primarily enslaved labor for the intensive hand labor involved. Soon thereafter during the early 17th century, tobacco emerged as a profitable export. In 1610, survivors abandoned Jamestown, although they returned after meeting a resupply convoy in the James River. The settlement survived the famine during the harsh winter of 1609, which forced colonists to eat leather from their clothes and boots, and resort to cannibalism. The Virginia Company colony was looking for gold and spices, and land to grow crops, however they would find no fortunes in the area, and struggled to maintain a food supply. In 1607, English colonization began in present day Virginia with Jamestown, which would become the first permanent English settlement in North America. The written history of Virginia begins with documentation by the first Spanish explorers to reach the area in the 16th century, when it was occupied chiefly by Algonquian, Iroquoian, and Siouan peoples. John Smith, one of the first histories of Virginia. The Generall Historie of Virginia, New-England, and the Summer Isles (1624), by Capt. ![]()
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